Understanding Spherical Lenses and Imaging Comparison with ...

The optical lens is an optical component used by movie cameras, projectors, cameras, and cameras to generate images, and consists of multiple lenses. It is an indispensable component in the machine vision system, which directly affects the quality of the imaging, and affects the realization and effect of the algorithm. Optical lenses can be divided into short-focus lenses, medium-focus lenses, and telephoto lenses in terms of focal length; wide-angle, standard, and telephoto lenses in terms of field of view; fixed-aperture fixed-focus lenses and manual aperture fixed-focus lenses in terms of structure. Auto-iris fixed-focus lenses, manual zoom lenses, auto-zoom lenses, auto-iris electric zoom lenses, electric three-variable (aperture, focal length, and focus) lenses, etc. So what is a spherical lens?

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1. What is a spherical lens?

The convex or concave surface of the lens is shaped like a section cut from a sphere, which is a spherical lens. The convex or concave mirror for myopia or hyperopia has only one radius of curvature, the convex surface of the inner TC lens for astigmatism has one radius of curvature, and the concave surface has two perpendicularly intersecting radii of curvature. A mirror whose reflective surface is part of a sphere is called a spherical mirror (a part of a spherical shell—a spherical cap). A lens whose lenses are all composed of spherical lenses is a spherical lens. Spherical lenses are more common in the low-end market. Its advantage is low cost.

2. Types of spherical lenses

Spherical lenses are divided into convex mirrors and concave mirrors. 1. Concave mirror: A spherical mirror that uses the inner side of the sphere as the reflecting surface is called a concave mirror. 2. Convex mirror: A spherical mirror that uses the outside of the spherical surface as the reflecting surface is called a convex mirror.

3. Imaging comparison between spherical lens and aspheric lens

Spherical lens means that both the inner and outer sides of the lens are spherical, or one side is a spherical lens and the other half is a flat lens. The surface shape of the aspheric lens is determined by the multi-image high-order equation, and the radii of each point on the surface shape are different. When the general spherical lens is used for imaging, it cannot ideally focus the object object to a point, and various aberrations will appear. Therefore, its image quality is generally relatively poor. In order to improve the imaging quality, different types of concave and convex lenses are generally used to cancel out the aberrations; while using aspheric lenses, the aspheric surface can effectively improve the imaging quality of the lens.

The lens is an optical medium that converges or diverges light by refraction. A lens can be made using glass or plastic.

Most lenses are spherical, which means their surfaces are parts of the spheres. Each surface can be planar, convex, or concave, as per need.

Convex lenses have thin edges and are thick in the middle. A convex lens is a converging lens since it can bend light rays inwards and converge at the focal length. Convex lenses are mainly used to correct hypermetropia or long-sightedness. They are used in cameras to focus light and produce a clear and crisp image.

Read more: Lenses in optics, Concave and Convex Lens

Important Convex Lens Questions with Answers

1. Which of the following is a converging lens?

1. Concave lens
2. Convex lens
3. A mirror
4. Planar lens

Answer: b) Convex lens

Explanation: Convex lens is a converging lens. It can converge to a straight beam of light.

2. A biconvex lens features _____.

1. two concave sides
2. two convex sides
3. one concave and one convex side
4. neither concave nor convex side

Answer: b) two convex sides

Explanation: A biconvex lens features two convex sides.

3. When parallel light rays pass through a convex lens, the refracted rays converge at a point known as the _____.

1. focal length
2. focal point
3. focus
4. principal focus

Answer: d) Principal focus.

Explanation: When parallel light rays pass through a convex lens, the refracted rays converge at a point known as the principal focus.

4. A prime lens has _____.

1. varying focal lengths
2. fixed focal length
3. both fixed and varying focal lengths
4. neither fixed nor varying focal lengths

Answer: b) fixed focal length

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Explanation: A prime lens has a fixed focal length, so it does not support zooming in or out.

5. State true or false: Convex lens diverges the beam of light.

1. TRUE
2. FALSE

Answer: b) FALSE

Explanation: Convex lens does not diverge the light; it converges the light.

6. Which lens is thinner at the centre?

1. Concave lens
2. Convex lens
3. A mirror
4. Planar lens

Answer: a) Concave lens

Explanation: Concave lens is thinner at the centre. It gets thicker as we move towards the edges.

7. The lens in the human eye is _____?

1. Concave lens
2. Convex lens
3. A mirror
4. Planar lens

Answer: b) Convex lens

Explanation: The lens in the human eye is a convex lens.

8. Define plano-convex lens.

A plano-convex lens is an optical lens with a convex and flat surface..

9. Which type of lens is used in a magnifying glass?

1. Concave lens
2. Convex lens
3. A mirror
4. Planar lens

Answer: b) Convex lens

Explanation: Convex lens is used in a magnifying glass.

10. What is the formula to calculate magnification?

Magnification is given by the formula:

Magnification = Image height / Object height

Practice Questions

1. What is a lens?
2. How are optical lenses classified?
3. What are the differences between concave and convex lenses?
4. List the application of convex lenses.
5. Which lens is used in a telescope?

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