Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) | Description, Uses, & ...
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) | Description, Uses, & More
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Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) consists of various liquid blends of volatile hydrocarbons such as propene, propane, butene, and butane. This substance has been utilized for mobile energy solutions since its inception and its use for residential and industrial purposes has steadily increased over the years. A standard commercial formulation may also incorporate ethane and ethylene along with a volatile mercaptan, which is an odorant added for safety reasons.
LPG is extracted from 'wet' natural gas—gas that contains condensable heavy petroleum components—via an absorption process. The extracted product exhibits a low boiling point and requires subsequent distillation to eliminate lighter fractions, followed by treatments to remove hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and water. After these processes, the final product is transported through pipelines and specialized sea vessels. There has also been an increase in transportation via trucks, trains, and barges, especially in the United States.
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In households, LPG is delivered in cylinders that are maintained at relatively low pressures. The primary use of LPG is in central heating systems, followed closely by its use as a basic material in chemical manufacturing. Additionally, LPG is a popular fuel choice for gas grills, cooktops, ovens, gas fireplaces, and portable heaters. In European regions, LPG water heaters are frequently seen. It also serves as fuel for engines and backup generators. Notably, unlike diesel, LPG can be stored for extended periods without risk of deterioration. For a comparison, consider liquefied natural gas.
The History of Propane as a Fuel: From Origins to Modern Use
Propane's production and distribution are vital in satisfying global needs for this flexible fuel. Most propane is generated through natural gas processing and oil refining operations. In North America, the United States and Canada are significant producers.
Canada is pivotal in the worldwide propane market, exporting large quantities to the United States. Approximately 85% of Canadian propane is sourced from natural gas processing, while the remaining 15% comes from oil refining efforts. The propane collected from these processes is stored in vast underground salt caverns, which can hold millions of barrels, ensuring a consistent supply year-round.
Once produced, propane is transported in its liquid state via an extensive network of pipelines, rail, trucks, and ships to various distribution hubs. Here, it is kept in large tanks before being allocated to end-users in smaller containers and cylinders. This comprehensive distribution infrastructure facilitates the effective use of propane across residential, commercial, agricultural, and industrial sectors around the world.
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