Best HVAC Pipe Insulation: Closed-Cell Foam Tips

Struggling to insulate HVAC pipes? Doing so ensures better energy use and prevents hot and cold temperatures. What's the best insulation? Here's a guide to help you choose. Save money on energy costs too!

Introduction

Insulating HVAC pipes is crucial for ensuring the efficient operation of HVAC systems. HVAC pipes transport cool, cold, warm, and hot fluids that are vital to maintaining comfortable and safe indoor environments. Moreover, improving HVAC systems' energy efficiency can help reduce energy costs and minimize the environmental impact. Therefore, selecting the right insulation for HVAC piping is essential.

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There are various factors to consider when selecting insulation for HVAC piping. The insulation type should provide resistance to heat gain, prevent condensation and corrosion, protect personnel, and reduce energy loss. Also, proper insulation will prevent slip and fall hazards and protect pipes from water damage. Manufacturers' technical data sheets should be consulted to determine appropriate insulation thickness and ensure insulation compatibility with piping materials.

A wide range of insulation materials is available for HVAC pipes. These materials range from cellular glass, elastomeric foam rubber, polyisocyanurate, phenolic, and polyethylene foam, to phenolic foam, stone wool, mineral wool, glass wool , EPDM, and nitrile rubber. The choice of insulation material depends on various factors such as the ambient temperature and UV exposure.

When selecting insulation for HVAC pipes, it is crucial to prioritize the insulation's functionality over aesthetics. Conducting a condensation control calculation can help determine how much insulation is required to prevent condensation. Kaiflex EPDM Endless tubes are an excellent solution for insulating HVAC pipes, as they are easy to install, UV-resistant, and available in various insulation thicknesses. Copper, aluminum, and stainless steel are commonly used piping materials because of their durability and thermal conductivity.

Importance of HVAC Piping Insulation

When it comes to air conditioning systems, the importance of proper insulation for the HVAC pipes cannot be overstated. In fact, studies have shown that up to 30% of cooling and heating energy can be lost due to poor insulation of HVAC systems. This section will explore the various benefits of HVAC piping insulation, including:

1. Energy savings
2. Prevention of heat gain
3. Condensation control and corrosion protection
4. Personnel protection
5. Prevention of slip/fall hazards

So, let's dive in and take a closer look!

Energy savings and prevention of heat gain

Efficient HVAC piping insulation is crucial for reducing energy consumption and preventing heat gain in HVAC systems. Proper insulation eliminates heat transfer, which enhances the efficiency of the system, reduces power consumption, prolongs the life span of equipment, thereby increasing savings.

Closed-cell elastomeric pipe insulation with a vapor retarder is an excellent option as it provides an efficient water vapor barrier that protects against corrosion under insulation (CUI) and other types of moisture damage while significantly reducing thermal losses on suction lines, liquid lines and discharge lines. Manufacturers’ technical data sheet specifies that closed-cell rubber insulation achieves 90% thermal efficiency at thicknesses between 25mm-40mm.

Additionally, poorly insulated systems produce conditioned air losing energy to the surroundings. Uninsulated suction and hydronic piping act as heat exchangers absorbing heat from their surrounding environments resulting in leaks due to fluctuations in refrigerant temperatures.

The UK’s Building Regulations Act` requires sufficient thermal performance for all buildings intended to save energy, reduce CO2 emissions and provide cost-effective solutions.

Don’t let your HVAC system suffer from poor insulation leading to unwanted expenses. Inspect heating and cooling systems regularly; replace worn-out or damaged materials before they cause frequent repairs or inefficient operations leading to high energy bills. Use proper AC piping insulation materials suitable for your climate zone, meet minimum R values mandated by building codes or manufacturer's technical data sheet.

Condensation control and corrosion protection

Proper insulation protects HVAC pipes from both condensation and corrosion. Condensation control is a significant factor as it prevents water accumulation which can cause damage to the system, leading to additional maintenance costs. Insulation also helps reduce corrosion by minimizing exposure to moisture and allowing for optimal use of refrigerants. Furthermore, proper insulation adheres to manufacturers' technical data sheet guidelines for long-lasting protection against corrosion and temperature fluctuations.

In addition, the best insulation for HVAC pipes is dependent on various factors such as environmental conditions and budget constraints. For instance, fiberglass insulation is an affordable option that provides adequate protection against moisture, but it may lose its properties over time. In contrast, closed-cell foam insulation offers excellent resistance to moisture penetration and can withstand high temperatures without deteriorating or losing its insulating properties.

It's important to note that different types of insulation may be required based on pipe diameters and location in the system. Therefore, careful consideration of these factors is crucial in selecting the best type of insulation for your HVAC system.

Pro Tip: Consult with a professional contractor to determine the most suitable type of insulation for your specific HVAC piping requirements.

Personnel protection and prevention of slip/fall hazards

Ensuring personnel safety and preventing slip/fall hazards are crucial factors when it comes to AC piping insulation. Proper insulation not only protects the HVAC system but also the individuals working near the pipes.

Using high-quality insulating materials for pipes can protect against damage and reduce the risk of accidents caused by hot or cold pipes. Similarly, un-insulated HVAC pipes can cause condensation which can result in a slippery surface, increasing the risk of fall hazards.

Proper installation of insulation such as fiberglass, foam rubber or closed-cell elastomeric foam can prevent these risks while also improving energy efficiency by reducing heat loss or gain.

Manufacturers' technical data sheets can provide valuable information on appropriate materials and procedures for specific applications. Neglecting the importance of AC piping insulation can lead to costly expenses, personal injury claims and downtime for repairs.

A real incident occurred on a construction site where un-insulated HVAC pipes caused condensation that resulted in an accident, leading to a serious injury claim. It could have been prevented if proper insulation was used. Hence, it is important to emphasize the significance of personnel protection and prevention of slip/fall hazards with adequate AC piping insulation.

Insulating the Suction Line

Having a bit of experience as an HVAC technician, I know the importance of properly insulating HVAC pipes. In this segment, we will discuss the importance of insulating the suction line and the different factors that need to be considered.

Firstly, we delve into the need for insulation to prevent condensation and energy loss. Then, we move on to the importance of insulation in protecting the system from corrosion under insulation (CUI). Finally, we will examine how insulation can prevent water damage below and the importance of expansion in the insulation system.

According to the UK Government, proper insulation can save up to 20% on energy costs, making it critical to get it right.

Need for insulation to prevent condensation and energy loss

Proper insulation of the suction line is essential to prevent energy loss and condensation. Inadequate insulation leads to rust, corrosion, and even mold buildup in extreme cases. This not only reduces the overall efficiency of the HVAC system but also poses health risks for the occupants. Therefore, it is crucial to choose the right insulation material and design.

The selection of insulation materials largely depends on several factors such as operating conditions, size of pipes, and cost. Fiberglass, polyethylene foam, elastomeric foam, and mineral wool are commonly used materials for insulating HVAC pipes. To ensure adequate insulation thickness, consider consulting manufacturers' technical data sheets.

Remember that the right type and thickness of pipe insulation can help reduce energy costs by up to 90%! Also keep in mind that some jurisdictions have building codes that mandate a specific R-value or level of thermal resistance for piping systems. Don't miss out on the benefits of proper insulation - make sure to consult with experts before starting your HVAC project.

Protection from corrosion under insulation (CUI)

When insulating HVAC pipes, it is important to consider protection from corrosion under insulation (CUI). Without proper insulation, moisture can seep through the material and result in corrosion, leading to equipment failure and potential hazards. To prevent CUI, selecting the appropriate insulation material according to manufacturers' technical data sheet is essential.

Fiberglass and cellular glass insulation are common choices for pipe insulation due to their ability to resist moisture penetration and prevent CUI. However, coating or sealing the insulation system with a vapor retarder further enhances its performance against moisture intrusion.

It is also crucial to inspect the piping regularly and repair any damage that may compromise the integrity of the insulation system. Uneven layers of insulation can also lead to potential breaches in the system, leading to moisture entry.

Overall, selecting suitable insulating materials for HVAC pipes and maintaining them appropriately ensures long-lasting protection from CUI. Ensure you follow the manufacturer's guidance and recommendations on installing your choice of insulation for the best results.

Prevention of water damage below

To safeguard against potential water damage, it is crucial to insulate HVAC pipes. Preventive measures can prevent moisture build-up in the atmosphere from accumulating on cold pipes and dripping onto surfaces below. Proper insulation of suction lines can reduce condensation and protect building structures from potential water damage.

The best insulation for HVAC pipes varies based on the needs of individual systems and manufacturers' technical data sheets. However, closed-cell foam insulation with a high R-value is generally considered the most effective choice for suction lines. It has an excellent ability to maintain temperature control and suppresses water vapor ingress into the pipe.

In addition to taking preventive steps to mitigate water damage, inspecting the system regularly can help identify leaks or inefficient parts that may require replacement. Finally, for optimal life expectancy of an HVAC system, planned maintenance agreements are worth consideration.

According to a survey conducted by FacilitiesNet in , '34% organizations reported an increase in HVAC repairs due to lack of maintenance.'

Insulating the Liquid Line

As someone who has worked as an insulation contractor for almost 2 decades, I can attest to the importance of proper insulation for HVAC pipes. In this particular section, we’ll take a closer look at the insulation of the liquid line.

One of the key reasons for insulating the liquid line is to prevent condensation and corrosion. But that’s not all there is to it. We’ll also examine the need for insulation in spaces where the ambient temperature exceeds the liquid line temperature. Additionally, we’ll touch on personnel protection considerations and explain what that means for those who work around insulated HVAC systems.

Need for insulation in spaces where ambient temperature exceeds liquid line temperature

The piping in HVAC systems carries refrigerants and other liquids that require specific temperatures for efficient functioning. When the ambient temperature of a space exceeds the liquid line temperature, heat transfer occurs between the pipe and the surroundings, resulting in energy loss. Therefore, there is a need for insulation in such spaces to maintain optimal pipe temperatures and prevent thermal discomfort.

Insulation acts as a barrier against heat transfer and helps in maintaining consistent temperatures within pipes. It also reduces energy consumption and noise levels generated by system operations. The choice of insulation material must be made based on various factors such as operating temperature range, compatibility with the fluid being transported, and durability.

Additionally, it is crucial to follow manufacturers' technical data sheets while selecting or installing insulation materials, as they provide detailed information on product specifications, installation techniques, and maintenance procedures.

Suggestions for choosing suitable insulation materials include:

• Considering the thickness required to meet set R-values (thermal resistance),
• using vapor barriers to prevent condensation build-up,
• avoiding compressed insulation that affects its insulation capacity, and
• leveling any bumps or uneven surfaces before installation.

These suggestions help ensure efficient system operations while saving energy and reducing costs.

Personnel protection considerations

The safety of personnel is of utmost importance when insulating HVAC pipes. Personnel protection materials should be considered based on fire safety and toxicity ratings. Common insulation materials such as fiberglass, foam and elastomeric rubbers are used in the industry with manufacturers technical data sheet being utilized to ensure compliance. Asbestos or lead-containing insulation materials must not be used for health reasons.

When working with foam insulation, care should be taken to avoid contact with the skin, eyes, or respiratory system during installation. Proper personal protective equipment such as gloves, goggles and a respirator should be worn according to regulations.

It is also recommended that during installation, precautions be taken to prevent any heat source from coming into contact with the insulation material to avoid fire hazards. Moreover, the thickness of insulation installed is an important factor in ensuring effective pipe protection against environmental factors.

Don't risk personnel safety by not prioritizing proper insulation for HVAC pipes. By using the right materials and following regulations, you can ensure a safe workplace environment for your employees.

Insulation Material Types

Insulating HVAC pipes is an important consideration for any building to achieve optimum energy efficiency. There are several insulation materials that can be used for this purpose, each with its own unique benefits. In this section, we'll take a closer look at the different insulation material types and how they compare to each other.

First up are the preferred insulation types specified by BSI. Then, we'll discuss the advantages of using closed-cell elastomeric pipe insulation. Lastly, we'll touch upon why ensuring proper insulation thickness is crucial to control condensation. So, let's dive into the world of HVAC pipe insulation and explore the different materials available.

Preferred insulation types specified by BSI

When it comes to selecting the most suitable insulation for HVAC pipes, several types come to mind. However, most relevant source in the UK is BSI, which recommends certain materials based on their effectiveness, durability, and thermal resistance. Therefore, referring to 'Insulation material types-What is the best insulation for HVAC pipes?', we have compiled a list of preferred insulation types specified by BSI.

For better understanding, we present a table outlining the BSI's recommended insulation types along with their key features in terms of cost, durability, fire safety ratings, and thermal conductivity.

Insulation Types Cost per unit area Durability (Years) Fire Safety Ratings Thermal Conductivity (W/mK) Fiberglass Low 25-30 Class A 0.031 Mineral wool Moderate-High 80-100 Class A 0.040 Cellular glass Very High >20 Class A 0.031 Polyurethane foam High Up to 25 Class I <0.023 Phenolic foam High Up to 30 Class B/1r <0.027

While all the above insulation types offer different benefits and drawbacks concerning cost and performance standards; Fiberglass and Mineral wool are more common choices among designers due to lower costs while meeting BS EN : specifications for Ventilation for buildings. Air handling units. Rating and performance for units, components and sections.

It may be intriguing that many times choosing an appropriate sized pipeline achieves significant savings in dollars than using specially treated high-performance materials.

For an illustration of performance, a manufacturer worked closely with BSI for using two-inch thick, closed-cell phenolic foam insulation on their heat transfer equipment. The result was increased efficiency by nearly 5%, resulting in substantial annual savings to the end consumer.

Benefits of closed-cell elastomeric pipe insulation

Closed-cell elastomeric pipe insulation is an excellent insulation material for HVAC pipes with numerous benefits. It is a type of insulation that provides exceptional long-term thermal efficiency and is ideal for applications where moisture control is necessary.

• Energy-efficient: Closed-cell elastomeric pipe insulation reduces energy consumption by preventing heat loss or gain in pipes.
• Durable: It has excellent resistance to moisture, UV radiation, and chemicals, making it durable and long-lasting.
• Easy installation: The lightweight material is easy to handle and cut, which makes installation smooth and quick.
• No CFCs: Closed-cell elastomeric pipe insulation does not contain chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which harm the environment.

This type of insulation material also offers superior acoustic dampening properties that can reduce noise levels from pipes in HVAC systems. Closed-cell elastomeric pipe insulation's smooth surface eliminates the need for additional protective coatings, ensuring a clean installation process.

Pro Tip: Always ensure that you choose the correct thickness when selecting closed-cell elastomeric pipe insulation to suit your specific HVAC needs. This can help maximize its benefits while saving on energy costs.

Importance of proper insulation thickness to control condensation

Insulating HVAC pipes properly is crucial to prevent condensation, which can lead to significant damage and reduced system efficiency. Insulation thickness must be carefully selected as it plays a vital role in controlling this issue. Not only does proper insulation minimize thermal loss/gain, but it also reduces noise pollution.

Furthermore, inadequate insulation thickness can cause mold growth, corrosion, and energy wastage by allowing heat transfer between the system and surrounding environment. Ideally, the thickness of the insulation should balance economic considerations with the intended use of the system.

Insulation material type has an essential relationship with these factors too. While fiberglass is economical, it provides low resistance to moisture while closed-cell foam insulations are more effective in preventing condensation by providing a vapor barrier; they tend to be costlier.

According to Scientific American, poorly insulated pipes can account for up to 40% of total energy waste in an average household and pose serious health risks.

Choosing the Right Insulation Thickness

When it comes to insulating HVAC pipes, choosing the right insulation thickness is critical. In this part of the article, we'll break down how to determine the correct insulation thickness by using insulation calculators, which can take into account factors such as pipe size, temperatures, and environment. It’s essential to choose the right thickness as this can directly affect the efficiency of your HVAC system and your energy bill. We'll also look at other factors that should influence your thickness decision, including safety concerns and regulations, to ensure you choose the best insulation for your HVAC pipes.

Use of insulation calculators to determine correct thickness

Insulation calculators are useful tools that can help determine the right insulation thickness for HVAC pipes. These calculators take into account factors such as pipe size, material, and temperature to provide a recommended insulation thickness.

Here's a 4-step guide on how to use an insulation calculator to determine the correct insulation thickness:

1. Enter the required data - You will need to input information about your HVAC pipes, such as their diameter, temperature range, and environmental factors.
2. Select the insulation type - There are various types of insulation materials available and each offers different benefits. Choose the one that would be suitable for your needs.
3. Choose an acceptable heat loss - The calculator will ask you about how much heat loss you're willing to accept from your system. You can then adjust the settings accordingly.
4. View results - After entering all necessary information, the calculator will suggest different insulation thicknesses based on your inputs.

It's important to note that while insulating HVAC pipes is critical, it's also essential to use the right amount of insulation for efficiency. Thick insulation may be beneficial in some cases but can lead to unnecessary expense if not needed.

A pro tip is to remember that selecting the correct amount of insulation doesn't only help maintain temperature control but also delivers cost savings through reducing energy costs by minimizing heat losses.

Factors to consider when choosing insulation thickness

Insulation thickness is a crucial aspect of choosing the appropriate insulation for HVAC pipes. To ensure that you select the perfect insulation thickness, several factors must be considered.

• The required R-value
• The environment in which the insulation will be placed
• The size and type of the HVAC pipes that require insulation
• Airflow velocity and the temperature gradient
• Life cycle cost analysis

When deciding on the best insulation thickness for your HVAC pipes, consider the R-value first. Factors such as weather conditions, location of the piping system, and energy usage necessitate an appropriate R-value to stay efficient. Next, you should look at the environment in which you will place it. Moisture can damage some forms of insulation; although other styles may not be ideal for environments with high temperatures.

The third factor in selecting insulation thickness is to consider pipe size and sort. The total surface area covered causes extra stress, requiring more substantial or thicker materials to keep up. Next, airflow velocity plays an essential role as high-velocity air can cause stress on thinner material leading to wear and tear. Finally, when considering long-term costs such as operating costs and regular maintenance requirements life-cycle cost assessment must lead decision-making processes.

Additionally, bear in mind that no two piping systems are alike; therefore, analyzing every project independently is critical to ensure maximum performance efficiency.

According to this report from the BPIE, over 97% of buildings in Europe need some insulation upgrades to achieve an A rating and of that 75% of all homes lack sufficient insulation, particularly in their HVAC systems.

Kaimanns Kaiflex brand of EPDM Closed-Cell Elastomeric HVAC Piping Insulation

As an HVAC contractor, I know that one of the important aspects of pipe installation and maintenance is choosing the right insulation. That's why I wanted to take a closer look at the Kaiflex brand of EPDM closed-cell elastomeric AC piping insulation from Kaimann. Kaimann is a leading manufacturer (now part of the Saint-Gobain group) that is more readily available in the UK, in many cases cheaper than Armacell while providing equivalent or superior performance.

In this section, we'll explore some of the features and benefits of this insulation, including its flexibility and ease of installation. We'll also discuss which applications and operating temperatures it is best suited for. With this information, you'll be able to decide if the Kaiflex brand is the right choice for your next project.

Features and benefits

Kaiflex provides excellent insulation options for HVAC pipes, keeping your systems secure and energy-efficient. Here are some advantages of using Kaiflex's EPDM Closed-Cell Elastomeric AC Piping Insulation:

• Energy-Saving: The insulation reduces heat gains and losses and restricts condensation, keeping thermal conductivity low leading to reduced energy consumption.
• Flexible: Its flexibility simplifies installation and eliminates the need for joints, avoiding leaks while increasing longevity.
• User-Friendly: It is fiber-free, dust-free, and formaldehyde-free making it a safe choice for users with allergies or sensitivities to such particles.

Additionally, the pipe insulation protects against environmental pollutants like moisture damage and corrosion due to weather conditions.

Pro Tip - Regularly inspect pipes to ensure there are no damages causing the insulation to wear out faster than expected.

Suitable applications and operating temperatures

EPDM Closed-Cell Elastomeric AC Piping Insulation offers a versatile range of applications for different HVAC systems with varying temperatures. Here's a breakdown of the suitable applications and operating temperatures:

Applications Operating Temperatures (°F) Air conditioning refrigerant lines -70 to 220 Chilled water supply and return lines -70 to 220 Condenser water supply and return lines -70 to 220 Dual temperature piping systems -70 to 220 (200 max. for hot)

Kaiflex by Kaimann brand of EPDM Closed-Cell Elastomeric AC Piping Insulation stands out due to its exceptional protection against condensation, thermal conductivity, and flexibility. It requires no additional vapor barriers or coatings, making it highly cost-efficient. Additionally, the closed-cell structure resists water vapor absorption, preventing mold growth and ensuring long-lasting durability.

Conclusion

Insulation for HVAC pipes - The Best Choices for You

When it comes to selecting the appropriate insulation for HVAC pipes, various factors must be considered. The requirements of the pipe's interior, such as its size and the temperature range it operates within, are essential to consider. Additionally, the environment where the pipes are located plays a critical role in selecting the right insulation.

One of the most commonly used types of insulation is fiberglass. It is inexpensive, easy to install, and has excellent thermal insulation properties, making it a popular choice for HVAC pipes. Another insulation type is closed-cell foam, known for its water-resistant properties. It is durable and adaptable, providing excellent insulation to the HVAC pipes both indoors and outdoors.

If you are looking for something more eco-friendly, then recycled denim insulation could be an ideal option.  Not only is it sustainable, but it also provides great insulation, soundproofing, and fire-safe qualities. Moreover, it is pest and mold-resistant, making it a perfect choice for long-lasting durability.

Investing in high-quality insulation for your HVAC pipes is critical to ensure that your system runs efficiently and smoothly, leading to long-term cost savings. Consult with a professional to help you choose the best insulation option for your HVAC pipes. Don't fall behind on insulation and risk the consequences of running your HVAC system without thermal protection.

Take the first step in securing the safety and optimizing the efficiency of your HVAC pipes today by selecting the best insulation, which provides longevity and peace of mind.

FAQs about What Is The Best Insulation For Hvac Pipes?

What is the best insulation for HVAC pipes?

The best insulation for HVAC pipes is typically closed-cell foam insulation. This type of insulation provides an airtight seal that helps prevent moisture accumulation, which can lead to corrosion and energy loss.

How does closed-cell foam insulation work?

Closed-cell foam insulation works by trapping pockets of air within the foam cells. This air acts as a barrier to heat transfer, helping to keep the temperature of the pipe at a more consistent level. Additionally, the foam provides an extra layer of protection against moisture infiltration and corrosion.

Can I use fiberglass insulation for HVAC pipes?

Fiberglass insulation can be used for HVAC pipes, but it is not recommended. Fiberglass insulation can absorb moisture, which can lead to corrosion and energy loss. Additionally, fiberglass insulation tends to compress over time, reducing its insulating properties.

What are the advantages of using closed-cell foam insulation?

Closed-cell foam insulation provides several advantages for HVAC pipes. It provides an airtight seal that helps prevent moisture accumulation, which can lead to corrosion and energy loss. It is also resistant to mold and mildew growth, and it has excellent thermal insulation properties.

How do I install closed-cell foam insulation on my HVAC pipes?

You can install closed-cell foam insulation on your HVAC pipes by following these steps:

1. Clean the pipes thoroughly
2. Measure the diameter of the pipes
3. Cut the foam insulation to the appropriate length
4. Wrap the foam insulation around the pipe, making sure to seal any gaps or seams
5. Secure the insulation with tape or adhesive

Is closed-cell foam insulation environmentally friendly?

While closed-cell foam insulation is not biodegradable, it is considered environmentally friendly because it is energy-efficient and can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, some closed-cell foam insulations are formulated with bio-based materials, which can further reduce their environmental impact.

Updated in

There are so many excellent choices for non-toxic, healthy, green insulation, there should be one to fit everyone’s needs.

Look Out For Greenwashing

There are many new options that claim to be “green” “soy-based” or are formaldehyde-free – this does not mean that they are VOC-free or safe.

Look very closely at what’s in it.

Also, flame retardants and mildewcides are not counted as VOCs.

Green Certified?

Certifications are not that useful here: almost every insulation now qualifies as GreenGuard Gold, which for sensitive folks is not enough information.

This article contains affiliate links, upon purchase I earn a commission at no extra cost to you.

Summary:

Batt Insulation for Walls

1. Fiberglass Insulation

Fiberglass is the most common insulation used in standard stick-framed houses in Canada and the US. For this reason, I am starting here.

It’s not actually my top pick in the batt category because it’s not a compression fit into the walls, and therefore may not guard against air currents as well as mineral wool and some other options.

You can use it between wood studs of a house, between floor joists, and in the attic.

It is used in many trailers, but I don’t recommend that.

This option has improved dramatically in recent years, and the many of the batt brands are now extremely low in VOCs.

Formaldehyde-Free Fiberglass Brands:

1. Knauf EcoBatt – They are formaldehyde-free and they use a starch-based binder listed on their Declare label. Other ingredients include ammonium sulfate (fire retardant), mineral oil (dedusting), and silane.

More brands in the book.

Are there Flame Retardants in Fiberglass?

Knauf lists ammonium sulfate which is used as a flame retardant, Owens Corning lists no flame retardant, Certainteed doesn’t list a flame retardant but they do have an undisclosed additive.

Blown-In Fiberglass

Blown-in fiberglass that I have looked at recently contains borates, soda ash, lime, siloxanes/silicates/silane, mineral oil, and an unknown anti-static additive.

Fiberglass Insulation Around Pipes

The fiberglass insulation for around pipes that I have seen is also formaldehyde-free.

• R-Value
  • 3.5 inches is R-11-R-15.
• Cost USD ()
  • Knaff Ecobatt is 0.49/sq ft and you can buy it at Home Depot or through your contractor.

2. Mineral Wool Insulation

Mineral wool is in widespread use by builders who build green or high-quality homes and it is the most obvious alternative to fiberglass.

It is also easy to source.

Pros:

• The batts can be used between wood studs anywhere in the house.
• It’s very good at staying in place with compression fitting, so it fits well between framing.
• It fits and holds up well in ceiling joists.
• Blown in mineral wool can be used in the attic floors.
• It can be used on basement walls.

Non-Toxic Mineral Wool Brands

1. Rockwool is the most common and accessible mineral wool insulation.

They have a newer version, called AFB evo, that does not contain formaldehyde. The binder appears to be starch-based. It also contains mineral oil.

It’s much harder to source than their standard batts.

Rockwool ComfortBatt is the type for perimeter exterior walls, Safe N Sound, their soundproofing version is for interior walls, and ComfortBoard is exterior insulation (outside of the sheathing).

All three contain the same binders/additives: <3% phenol-formaldehyde, <1% starch, and <0.2% mineral oil source.

I look closer at the metals found in Rockwool in my book.

They have a blown-in option, though it’s not available in North America in late .

2. Thermafiber by Owens Corning is a brand that has a regular phenol-formaldehyde line and a formaldehyde-free line (you will see the letters FF), the latter usually has to be special ordered through a store.

A blown-in option is mentioned in the book.

Other Info

An easy way to cut through mineral wool is with an electric carving knife.

This insulation has good soundproofing qualities. The Safe N Sound version can be used on interior walls for soundproofing between rooms.

The fibers are not safe to breathe in and can cause a contact allergy if you are not using gloves.

• R-Value
  • 3.5 inches is R-15.
• Cost USD () 
  • $0.95/ sq ft for Rockwool (Comfortbatt, 3.5 inch)
• Where to Buy
  •  Rockwool and Thermafiber at hardware stores across the US and Canada, or through your contractor.

3. Wool Batt (and Blow-In) Insulation

Wool batting can be used between wood-framed walls and in the attic floor.

It’s more expensive than fiberglass and mineral wool above.

Top Brands of Wool Insulation

1. Havelock Wool has no synthetic fibers and no binders. It’s only wool and boric acid. They provide a Declare Label for all of their ingredients. This is the purest of the wool options (and one of the most natural insulation types all around).

You can buy it online which makes it the most accessible wool brand.

Borates are low-toxicity compounds, explains Dr. Mudgal, Toxicologist, but can cause irritation or harm if inhaled or ingested in large amounts. The risk is negligible once the material is installed and enclosed, as exposure pathways are blocked, she says.

More brands in the book.

Blown-in Wool Insulation

While none of them claim organic certification, wool is one of the purest options.

Borates are low-toxicity compounds, explains Dr. Mudgal, Toxicologist, but can cause irritation or harm if inhaled or ingested in large amounts.

The risk is negligible once the material is installed and enclosed, as exposure pathways are blocked, she says.

Shengquan contains other products and information you need, so please check it out.

• R-Value
  • Wool in batts has R-13.7 in 3.5 inches
    Blow in dense-pack R-value: can be 15.3 in 3.5 inches
• Cost USD ()
  • Havelock Loose Fill is $1.97/sq ft
    Havelock Batts is $1.62/sq ft
• Where to Buy
  • Buy through local green building supply shops or buy Havelock online.

4. Recycled Cotton Batt

Ultratouch Insulation is what my builder used in my chemical-free tiny home (I later removed it).

It used to be made from new denim scraps, but they have moved to recycled denim now.

It does contain boric and ammonium sulfate and an olefin-binding fiber (polypropylene or polyethylene).

My opinion on this insulation can be found in the book on healthy building materials.

• Other Info
  • Wear an N95 mask while cutting and installing as it does get extremely dusty when working with it.
• R-Value 
  • For the 3.5” thickness, you get an R-value of 13
• Cost USD () 
  • $0.79/sq ft
• Where to Buy
  • Check online stores, it’s no longer listed on Home Depot or Lowes websites.

5. Hemp Insulation

Hemp insulation is the newest alternative insulation in the North American market.

It’s been used for much longer in Europe.

I think it is very promising.

It’s harder to source and more expensive than some of the other options in this category, but it could be really great for someone who wants something mostly natural and who hasn’t done well with the other options above.

Brands

HempWool is 90% hemp and 10% polyester. Order from Hempitecture.

More brands in the book.

Companies have been coming and going out of business rapidly in the hemp insulation industry.

Sodium carbonate (soda ash) can be used as a flame retardant.

Ask them what they add to it, apart from hemp: alternate fibers, binders, flame retardants, and if it’s organic. And always test a sample first! Note that Polyester is not biodegradable.

• R-Value
  • It is R-13 for 3.5 inches
    
• Where to Buy
  • Contact the companies on where to source it.

Blown-In Insulation

1. Cellulose

Recycled cellulose is a blown-in insulation made from mostly recycled paper that contains a fire-repellent like boric acid.

Newspapers are made with “soy-based” inks but they still contain many other chemicals in the inks apart from soy, plus many other paper sources are used now.

There are also additional additives in the insulation.

Dense-packed cellulose is often used in Passive House design, which has great attention to details around moisture management and green healthy materials.

It is used in both walls and attics.

Safe Brands of Cellulose Insulation

1. GreenFiber brand from Lowes and Home Depot is 85% recycled paper. They have a Declare Label which lists boric acid, sodium pentaborate pentahydrate, ammonium sulfate, mineral oil, monoammonium phosphate, calcium carbonate, and corn starch.

A closer look at the brands and what’s in them can be found in the book.

• R-Value 
  • 13.3 for 3.5 inches
• Cost USD ()
  • $0.32/sq ft

2. AirKrete Cementitious Insulation

AirKrete is a cementitious blown-in insulation that claims to be VOC-free.

It has passed the “sleep next to it test” of many chemically sensitive people.

The company, however, has declined to participate in the industry-standard VOC test as well as the proper R-value test last I checked, so there is some doubt around this product’s claims.

We don’t know what the undisclosed 2% of this product’s ingredients are, but many with severe chemical sensitivities have chosen to go with this option and have done well with it.

Some people have reported shrinking, crumbling, and trouble drying. Here is the source for the concerns.

Paula Baker-Laporte continues to recommend this insulation, so I’m assuming that many are still doing well with it.

It can be used in walls and roofs. (Consult with an architect when designing an unvented roof).

Non-organic options like AirKrete are more likely to be hypoallergenic.

I would not use this insulation myself.

• R-Value
  • R-13 for 3.5 inches
• Cost USD
  • Around $2.25/sq ft including installation costs
• Where to Source
  • You would have to check to see if you have a certified installer in your area before proceeding.

3. Real Wool, Mineral Wool, and Fiberglass Blown-In

These three insulation types can be blown in as well. Fiberglass (pictured) is the most common blown-in insulation, followed by cellulose.

Mineral wool and real wool blown-in are less common but are healthier choices.

Brand names can be found in those respective sections above.

Exterior Insulation for Houses 

1. Styrofoam/Rigid Foam

i. Polyisocyanurate “Polyiso” Foam Board Insulation

Polyiso is one of the insulation types that is used on the exterior side of sheathing.

Typical current blowing agents for polyiso are CO2 and pentane.

There is some “thermal drift”, meaning the blowing agents off-gas over time. The off-gassing is extremely minimal.

It can be used in trailers and metal structures as well. It’s not to be used under slabs.

Flame retardants are a bigger concern than trace pentane. The most common flame retardant is TCPP.

Dr Mudgal, Toxicologist explains “TCPP has documented high toxicity for reproductive and developmental health. It is now classified under REACH regulations as a Category 2 carcinogen (it is suspected of causing cancer based on animal studies or other evidence). It is also persistent in the environment. The aquatic toxicity is moderate, but it varies by concentration and exposure time.”

It’s best to look for brands that don’t use a halogenated flame retardant like TCPP. Newer and safer flame retardants are non-halogenated phosphorus-based.

Though the foil does block the FR, the edges are unsealed and it will never be perfect.

Brands of Polyiso Foam Insulation

1. Johns Manville Foil Faced Polyiso has been the most popular brand among those who are sensitive, but they have discontinued Energy 3E, which was the one made without TCPP (all they have said is that it is phosphorus-based and is non-halogenated).

3. ZIP System R-Sheathing is the Huber Zip OSB sheathing, polyiso, and weather-resistant barrier all in one. Though you can use the above two brands as exterior insulation on the outside of the plywood or OSB, “ZIP-R”, as this type is normally called, is integrated with the sheathing, with the polyiso on the interior side. The flame retardant is TCPP.

My top brand is in my book.

2. GAF polyiso EnergyGuard-NH uses a halogen-free flame retardant (which is phosphorus-based, like the Energy 3E FR was). “Unlike TCPP, the flame retardant becomes part of the polymer backbone of the insulation—so there is no free flame retardant that can leach out”, according to GAF’s director of sustainability Martin Grohman. “TCPP, by contrast, is not chemically bonded to the polyiso polymer, so it can more readily escape.” Source

• R-Value 
  • Technically it’s R-6/ inch but it’s really about R-5.6/inch over its lifespan because it loses R-Value over time. It also loses R-value the colder it gets.
• Cost by R-Value (R6)
  • R-6 is $0.60 / sq ft

ii. Extruded Polystyrene (XPS)

XPS (extruded polystyrene) is another common exterior insulation outbound of the sheathing.

It is also used on exterior concrete basement walls, underneath the slab, and in trailers.

XPS, like polyiso, has some “thermal drift” i.e. some very slow off-gassing of the blowing agents over time. “Over a long period of time (50 to 75 years), the blowing agent slowly diffuses through the thickness of the foam” (source).

Typical blowing agents for XPS are CFC-12, HCFC-142b, and HFC-134a, but they change their formulas over time.

HFCs contribute to global warming.

Changes started January 1st, . Eleven states have banned foams blown with HFC-134a and other high-GWP blowing agents, including HFC-245fa as of January 1st, .

A ban on high-GWP blowing agents also went into effect in Canada on Jan. 1, . Canada did not ban HFC-134a but created maximum GWP for foam blowing agents.

Ownings Corning doesn’t use HFC-134a (GWP of ) anymore, they now uses a hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) blowing agent with a GWP of less than 80. And DuPont now offers a reduced GWP foam available in Canada and HFC-regulated U.S. states. The blowing agent is not disclosed. They say that the GWP was reduced by 20%+ (source, source, source).

XPS insulation was treated with the flame retardant hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) until recently.

The two main brands no longer contain HBCD.

They are now using a butadiene styrene brominated copolymer as the flame retardant (source), this flame retardants is less bioavailable and has a lower toxicity profile, though its long-term effects are still being studied, says Dr. Mudgal, toxicologist. 

• R-Value
  • R-5/inch
• Cost by R-Value
  • R-5 is 0.60/ sq ft

2. Mineral Wool Board 

The other common and easy-to-source exterior insulation used in the US and Canada is Rockwool, in board form.

Rockwool Comfortboard is being used more and more as many codes across the US have shifted to requiring exterior insulation.

There are no flame retardants in Comfortboard and while it does contain formaldehyde this will be fairly quick to off-gas.

Foam and Rockwool will be the two main exterior insulation types to consider since they will be familiar to builders and easy to source.

The boards can also be used on interior basement walls. They are also used under the slab.

• R-Value 
  • R-4/inch
• Cost by R-Value (R6)
  • R-6 is $1. 24 sq ft

3. Cork

Thermacork insulation, unlike cork flooring, does not contain adhesives. It is held together by compressing it with heat which releases a natural binder in the cork.

The cork does give off a smoky smell that dissipates with time, as well as the natural odor of cork.

This is a newer product in North America and is more expensive than the more conventional options.

It can be used as exterior insulation or even the facade of a house which serves the purpose of siding, insulation, and noise reduction.

See this post as an example of cork used as the facade.

• R-Value
  • R-4/inch
• Cost by R-Value (R8)
  • R-8 (doesn’t come in R-6) it’s $4.93/sq ft for the insulation type (rougher than the facade)
    R-8 in the facade grade, which covers your exterior insulation and your siding in one, is 10.77/sq ft
• Where to Buy
  • You can buy this through green building supply stores.

4. Wood Fiberboard Insulation

Wood fiberboard is often used in High Performance/Passive House designs as exterior insulation. It can be used closer to the interior as well.

One popular brand in North America is Gutex. It is 95% wood (spruce/fir, post-industrial, recycled, and new wood), 4% polyurethane, and about 1% paraffin. The total VOC level is 187 μg/m3.

• R-Value
  • R-3.7/inch
• Cost
  • R 5.8 is $1.81/sq ft
• Where to Source
  • You can buy this through 475.

Under the Slab Insulation

The most typical insulation for under the slab is XPS foam board. EPS foam board is sometimes used, both are mentioned above.

You can also use Rockwool Comfortboard under the slab, though it’s more common in Europe.

Glass Foam Blocks

One other unique insulation type for under the slab is foamed glass that comes in panels or chunks.

It is made by heating a mixture of crushed or granulated glass and a blowing agent (chemical foaming agent) such as carbon or limestone.

There is no need for flame retardants or other hazardous chemicals.

This has been used in Europe much longer than in the US.

This is what I would personally use under a slab.

I write more about this in the book.

Insulation Typically Used in Trailers, RVs, and Vans

1. Rigid Foam

EPS (Expanded Polystyrene aka Styrofoam)

EPS (expanded polystyrene) is often used in trailers and can be referred to as “block foam” by the companies.

It can also be used as exterior insulation, insulation over concrete basement walls on the interior, and under the slab. Though you are far more likely to see the XPS type of styrofoam under a slab.

Blowing Agents

EPS usually is made with pentane as a blowing agent, the final product has trace amounts of pentane which dissipates rather quickly and completely. Some butane can also be used as a blowing agent.

Sometimes the only blowing agent is carbon dioxide (based on DOW xnergy Declare label).

Zero-VOC

EPS, despite the name (polystyrene), does not off-gas styrene under normal conditions.

I have seen it listed as 0-VOC or very low VOC (with one SDS sheet listing 1.8% pentane, though that dissipates quickly).

What about Styrene?

The concerns over polystyrene (styrofoam) and styrene come from the following a) chemicals released during the manufacturing of the product b) the product is very toxic if you burn it and c) the styrene can leach if you drink beverages especially hot or acidic beverages out of styrofoam cups.

This is a very old product with a long track record. Here are a couple of links to back up the claims.

In the form of insulation, I would consider this product to be non-toxic, zero-VOC, odorless, and stable, with the only risk being the flame retardants.

Flame Retardants

EPS used to be treated with hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), but luckily it no longer is. Polymeric FR (a copolymer of polystyrene and brominated polybutadiene) is now the most common FR.

The foil faces on these insulations block the flame retardants. However, the foil and plastic-backed versions can have some off-gassing odor. Some EPS is not backed with anything.

If using EPS in a living space I would recommend borate-treated foam to prevent ants from tunneling in.

R-14 for 3.4 inches EPS.

2. Reflectix and Prodex Insulation

Reflectix is a bubble foil made of aluminum over polyethylene bubble wrap.

It is flexible, very thin, and claims to have a very high R-value. The thicker version claims R-21 (which is higher than 5 inches of wool).

These claims are disputed by Green Building Advisor and the Government of Canada. The former states that the 3/8th-inch foil has an R-value of only 1 (the same as a single pane of glass).

This would hardly be useful anywhere unless it is in a curved trailer, RV, or vehicle where all other options have been ruled out. Sometimes it’s just used to insulate windows, which can be a great help.

Prodex is another similar material – foil and polyethylene-based – that also has a disputed R-value.

3. Aerogel Insulation

Aerogel is a fairly new product – unusual, extremely expensive, and harder to source.

The term itself can refer to a variety of materials from the original silica translucent product to polymer-based products that may include the addition of fibers.

The original Aerogel insulation was developed by NASA.

Aspen Aerogel collaborated with NASA to make their polymer-enhanced aerogel combined with fibers.

Some companies are selling insulation online that they claim is Aerogel. I would look closely at what’s really in it. Look for proper studies on the R-value of it.

They claim an extremely high R-value of R-10 to R-30 per inch.

This may be ideal for small, round, and difficult to insulate places, if you can source it.

4. Thinsulate Insulation

3M Thinsulate is an insulation used in vans, other vehicles, and RVs.

It is made of polyethylene terephthalate (a type of polyester) and polypropylene fibers which will be tolerable for most people. The backing is polypropylene.

One percent or less of the additives are proprietary and therefore unlisted. The health rating is 0 which is good.

What I don’t love about using this product in vehicles is that the insulation itself is vapor permeable and it is attached to the walls with 3M 90 Spray (GreenGuard certified, not GreenGuard Gold, not reported to be very tolerable by many chemically sensitive people).

R-value

5.2 for the 1.65-inch

NB. I have seen similar but more unusual insulation made from polyethylene and polyester for homes in batts. (It is more popular in some countries outside of North America.) It may be tolerable for sensitive folks depending on what is added to it.

5. Vacuum Insulation Panels 

Vacuum Insulation Panels have the highest insulation value of any of the insulation materials.

These Panasonic panels have an R-value of R-60 per inch. They were used in the latest Leaf House design (tiny house). This could allow you to build a tiny house for almost any climate. Though this introduces a tricky metallic vapor barrier which needs to be carefully thought out.

The foil vacuum pack will block any VOCs from migrating through, but your moisture management system would have to be planned carefully here.

These won’t work in most houses. You might consider them in some trailers or metal-framed homes.

They are very pricey and harder to source than almost all of the other options.

6. Non-Toxic Spray Foam Insulation?

Spray foam that is used to fill cavities of walls is two-part polyurethane. Some of it may have soy added, but it’s still mostly polyurethane foam.

This insulation has to be mixed perfectly, under the right conditions (there are many), and applied correctly.

When looking for a good spray foam you are looking for an excellent installer (the best one you can find) and not a specific brand.

The companies have claimed that it is no VOC, or close to that once cured, but many individual tests and many individual noses of those sensitive have shown otherwise.

I know moderately sensitive folks who have looked at many houses with spray foam and been able to pick up the odor for two years.

And that’s when it’s done right. When it’s done wrong it’s a massive disaster that can end in a lawsuit against the company, plus an expensive imperfect removal of all the foam.

If you are extremely sensitive you would lose the whole house if this goes wrong, as the VOCs will soak up into other materials. This has happened to two of my clients.

Brands:

Icynene and Demilic are both 2-part polyurethane spray foam.

Whether they have soy or castor oils in them is insignificant in my overall view.

Icynene OC No Mix is still a 2-part polyurethane foam and although it appears to mix in the gun, the installation still has to meet all of the other parameters.

One-part polyurethane:

One-part polyurethane, which is the canned stuff discussed below, is much easier to tolerate, it’s used in small quantities, and it doesn’t have the same challenges and risks as the 2-part foam.

Insulating Around Windows and Doors – Non-Toxic Options

Non-toxic insulation for the rough opening around windows that is mold preventative is in the book.

Corinne Segura is an InterNACHI-certified Healthy Homes Inspector with certifications in Building Biology, Healthier Materials and Sustainable Buildings, and more. She has 10 years of experience helping others create healthy homes. You can book a consult here.

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