drip irrigation systems: 5 Proven Ways to Boost Garden Success

Why Drip Irrigation Systems Are Garden Game-Changers

Drip irrigation systems are specialized watering setups that deliver water directly to plant root zones through a network of tubing and emitters. These systems provide precise moisture control while minimizing waste.

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What Are Drip Irrigation Systems? Key Benefits • Low-pressure water delivery systems (20-50 psi) • Reduces water usage by up to 60% • Applies water slowly at 2-20 liters/hour • Achieves 90% efficiency (vs. 50-70% for sprinklers) • Delivers moisture directly to plant roots • Minimizes evaporation and runoff • Can be automated with timers and sensors • Promotes healthier plant growth • Available in multiple formats (soaker hose, emitter, drip tape) • Reduces weed growth between plants

Drip irrigation works by slowly releasing water at the soil level, where plants need it most. Unlike traditional sprinklers that spray water into the air (where much is lost to evaporation), drip systems provide consistent moisture directly to root zones. This targeted approach not only conserves water but also improves plant health by keeping foliage dry, which helps prevent fungal diseases.

The most efficient watering method available to home gardeners, drip irrigation systems can be custom to water everything from vegetable rows to ornamental landscapes. Installation requires minimal tools, and many systems are designed for DIY setup with simple connectors that don’t require glue or special skills.

My name is Scott McLeod, and as the owner of McLeod Landscaping, I’ve designed and installed drip irrigation systems for hundreds of commercial and residential properties throughout the Merrimack Valley area over the past 30 years, helping clients reduce water consumption while maintaining beautiful, thriving landscapes.

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Soaker Hose Kits: Budget-Friendly Coverage

Looking for a simple introduction to drip irrigation systems? Soaker hoses might be your perfect match. These clever garden tools are essentially porous rubber hoses (often made from recycled tires) that gently “sweat” water along their entire length, creating a moisture zone perfect for beds and borders.

“I always tell new gardeners that soaker hoses are like training wheels for water-efficient gardening,” says our irrigation team leader at McLeod Landscaping. “They deliver impressive results without requiring an engineering degree to set up.”

These workhorse hoses perform best in straight runs under 100 feet, with water pressure kept between 8-15 psi using simple regulators. Without these regulators, you might find your hose bulging, leaking excessively, or even bursting at higher pressures.

The water savings are nothing to sneeze at – most of our clients report using 30-50% less water compared to traditional sprinklers. Since water seeps directly into the soil rather than spraying into the air, very little is lost to evaporation or runoff. This targeted watering brings another delightful bonus: fewer weeds between your plants! Quality soaker hoses are also UV-resistant, standing up to our harsh New England sunshine season after season.

For best results (and a tidier garden), we recommend tucking your soaker hose under 2-3 inches of mulch. This not only hides the hose but further reduces evaporation and protects the rubber from sun damage.

More info about water conservation

Best For

Soaker hoses truly shine in specific garden scenarios:

Shallow-rooted plants love the consistent moisture these hoses provide – think lettuce, annual flowers, and most vegetables. Flower beds and borders with their curving edges are perfect matches for the flexible nature of soaker hoses. If you’re a beginning DIYer intimidated by more complex irrigation, soaker hoses offer a gentle learning curve with instant gratification. Just remember that they work best on level sites – significant slopes can lead to uneven watering as gravity pulls water downhill.

One of our Chelmsford clients recently shared, “I finally took the plunge with soaker hoses last spring after years of hand-watering my cutting garden. My dahlias have never looked better, and I’m kicking myself for not doing this years ago. Plus, my water bill actually went down despite the heat waves we had!”

Key Features

When shopping for a soaker hose kit, keep an eye out for these quality features:

Double-wall construction provides more durability and even water distribution than single-wall alternatives. Quick-coupling connectors make seasonal adjustments a breeze – no tools required! For proper coverage, position your hoses 12-20 inches apart (closer spacing for sandy soil, wider for clay soils). Always cover with 2-3 inches of mulch to maximize efficiency and extend hose life. Look for freeze-proof materials that can withstand our unpredictable New England winters if you plan to leave the system in place year-round.

Many of our Tewksbury customers leave their soaker hoses in the garden through winter, simply disconnecting from the water source and draining any remaining water before the first freeze hits.

Average Cost & ROI

Soaker hose kits represent the budget-friendly entry point into the drip irrigation systems world. A typical kit covering 50-100 feet of garden space ranges from $25 for basic models to $120 for premium packages with timers and pressure regulators.

The return on investment is surprisingly quick. Most systems save between 6,000-12,000 gallons of water per growing season for an average garden. Our residential clients typically recoup their investment within 1-2 summers through water bill savings alone – not to mention the time saved on manual watering and the improved plant health.

As one Burlington client told us with a laugh, “My soaker hose system was the best garden investment I’ve made in twenty years – except maybe my favorite pruning shears. My water bill dropped by almost 40%, and I’m no longer a slave to hand-watering during July heatwaves. Best of all, no more accidentally spraying myself while trying to reach the back of the border!”

*Average costs based on national online data; actual pricing varies widely by region and project scope.

Inline Emitter Tubing Systems: Customizable Precision

For gardeners ready to step up their watering game, inline emitter tubing systems represent the gold standard of drip irrigation systems. Unlike soaker hoses, these systems feature pre-installed emitters built directly into the tubing at regular intervals—typically spaced 12-18 inches apart—delivering water with surgical precision.

“Inline emitter systems are the workhorses of modern drip irrigation,” explains our lead irrigation technician at McLeod Landscaping. “They offer the perfect balance of customization and convenience. The built-in emitters eliminate the need to punch holes and install individual drippers, which saves considerable setup time.”

These systems deliver water at specific points rather than along the entire length of the tube, making them perfect for mixed plantings where water needs vary. Most emit between 0.5-2 gallons per hour (gph), allowing you to match flow rates to your plants’ specific needs. Many premium models feature pressure-compensating emitters that maintain consistent flow regardless of elevation changes—a huge advantage for the rolling landscapes common throughout Concord and Carlisle.

Don’t skip on filtration! We strongly recommend installing a 100-mesh filter upstream of your system to prevent clogging. This is especially important with municipal water sources that might contain sediment or minerals that could block those tiny emitter openings.

One of the biggest advantages of these systems is their automation-readiness. They easily connect to timers and moisture sensors for hands-free operation. Many also include ports for fertilizer injection (fertigation), letting you deliver nutrients directly to plant roots while watering—talk about efficiency!

Drip Irrigation System

Best For

Inline emitter systems truly shine when used with woody plants and mixed landscapes. They’re especially well-suited for shrubs and ornamental plantings where the precise spacing and controlled flow rates help establish healthy root systems. Young trees benefit tremendously from the consistent moisture delivered exactly where developing roots need it.

These systems also work beautifully for foundation plantings, allowing you to steer around building perimeters while providing even coverage. For container gardeners, they’re a game-changer—multiple pots can be watered simultaneously with appropriate emitter placement.

A client in Lowell recently told us: “After McLeod installed an inline emitter system for my mixed border of hydrangeas and perennials, I noticed immediate improvement. Each plant gets exactly the water it needs, and I’m no longer wasting water on walkways or between plants. The system has been running flawlessly for three seasons now.”

Key Features

Quality inline emitter systems include several important features that improve durability and performance. Look for PVC or polyethylene mainline materials that resist UV damage and provide years of reliable service. Perma-loc fittings allow for system modifications without replacing components—perfect for when your garden evolves.

Isolation valves are worth their weight in gold, enabling sectional control for varying water needs in different garden areas. Don’t overlook the importance of clip stakes placed every 3 feet to secure tubing and prevent movement, especially important after heavy rains when soil shifts.

We always include end flush valves in our installations, allowing for periodic system cleaning to prevent clogging. This simple maintenance feature extends system life considerably.

During installation, we typically recommend burying the mainline pipes shallowly (about 4 inches deep) to protect them from UV degradation and lawn equipment. However, we always test the layout before burial to ensure proper coverage and function.

Average Cost & ROI

Inline emitter systems represent a mid-range investment in garden irrigation. Typical kits covering 500-1,000 square feet range from $75 for basic setups to $350 for comprehensive systems with automation components. These average costs are based on national online data, and actual pricing varies widely by region and project scope.

Installation is remarkably straightforward, with most residential systems requiring just 2-3 hours for a DIY approach. Our professional installation service can complete most residential systems in a single day, ensuring optimal placement and function.

The water savings are substantial, with most clients reporting 30-60% reduction in water usage compared to traditional methods. This efficiency translates to both environmental benefits and significant cost savings over time.

A commercial client in Westford shared their experience: “After installing inline emitter irrigation throughout our office park’s landscaping, we’ve reduced our summer water consumption by nearly 45%. The system paid for itself within two seasons, and our maintenance team spends far less time hand-watering during dry spells.”

Drip Tape for Row Crops & Raised Beds

If you’re growing vegetables, maintaining raised beds, or running a market garden, drip tape might just revolutionize your watering routine. Unlike other drip irrigation systems, this specialized ultra-thin tubing features precisely placed emitter slits every 6-8 inches, creating a perfect water delivery system for straight planting rows.

“Drip tape is the commercial grower’s secret weapon,” explains our agricultural irrigation specialist. “It’s lightweight, incredibly efficient, and perfect for seasonal crops that follow straight planting lines.”

What makes drip tape special is its consistent, gentle flow rate—typically between 0.23-0.42 gallons per hour per emitter. This slow, steady moisture penetrates deeply to reach crop roots exactly where needed. Available in generous roll lengths from 500-1,500 feet, you can easily accommodate anything from a couple of backyard raised beds to a sprawling market farm operation.

For best results, we typically install drip tape about 1-2 inches below the soil surface or under a layer of mulch, with the emitter holes facing upward. This strategic placement serves multiple purposes—it shields the tape from damaging UV rays, significantly reduces evaporation, and keeps your garden looking tidy by hiding the irrigation system from view.

The benefits extend far beyond aesthetics. Research from MIT has shown that drip tape systems can boost crop yields by up to 90% while dramatically reducing water consumption compared to overhead watering methods. This remarkable efficiency comes from delivering moisture directly to root zones, which not only nurtures your plants but also reduces disease pressure and limits weed competition.

Scientific research on drip tape efficiency

Best For

Drip tape truly shines in several specific gardening scenarios. Vegetable rows benefit from the straight-line design that perfectly follows traditional planting patterns. Raised beds get complete coverage in their defined growing spaces without wasted water. Hoop houses and greenhouses stay drier overall since the system delivers precise moisture without wetting foliage. Market gardens can scale efficiently for commercial production with minimal waste.

A client in Wilmington who manages a community garden shared her experience: “We switched all twenty of our raised beds to drip tape last season. The difference was remarkable—our tomato and cucumber yields nearly doubled, and we cut our water usage by more than half. Plus, the reduced humidity from avoiding overhead watering meant less powdery mildew on our squash plants.”

Key Features

A well-designed drip tape system includes several critical components that ensure optimal performance. The header line with individual valves gives you control over separate rows or beds, allowing customized watering schedules for different crops. A pressure reducer set between 10-15 psi prevents tape rupture—an absolute necessity for these thin-walled systems.

Don’t overlook the importance of flush end caps, which enable periodic cleaning to prevent clogging from mineral buildup or soil particles. If portions of your tape will be exposed to sunlight, look for UV-resistant materials to extend system life. Quality drip tape can be reused for 2-3 growing seasons with proper care, especially if you invest in reusable fittings that simplify seasonal setup and takedown.

For our New England clients, we typically recommend removing and storing drip tape at the end of each growing season. This simple precaution significantly extends the tape’s lifespan and prevents winter damage, particularly important for raised beds that freeze deeply during our harsh winters.

Average Cost & ROI

Drip tape delivers exceptional value, particularly for vegetable production. The tape itself typically costs between $0.02-$0.05 per foot, with complete kits ranging from $150 for a small garden to $600 for market-scale production. These figures represent average costs based on national online data, with actual pricing varying widely by region and project scope.

The return on investment becomes particularly compelling when you consider food production benefits. With yield increases of up to 90% reported in some crops, many gardeners recoup their investment through increased harvest value in a single season.

A client in Carlisle who grows heirloom tomatoes couldn’t contain her enthusiasm: “After installing drip tape in my raised beds, I harvested nearly twice as many tomatoes as the previous year, using about a third of the water. The consistent moisture also eliminated blossom end rot, which had been a persistent problem. I’ll never go back to overhead watering.”

Micro-Misting & PVC DIY Innovations

Have you ever wanted a watering solution that gives you complete control without breaking the bank? For gardeners who love to tinker or have specialized watering needs, micro-misting systems and PVC-based drip irrigation systems offer creative solutions that combine water efficiency with endless customization possibilities.

Micro-misters use small 360° sprayers that produce a gentle fog-like mist that’s perfect for delicate applications. Unlike traditional sprinklers that blast water everywhere, these low-volume emitters operate at reduced pressure, creating minimal wind drift while providing gentle, even coverage.

“Micro-misters are like the perfect middle child between drip irrigation and traditional sprinklers,” says our irrigation designer at McLeod Landscaping. “They’re absolutely perfect for seedbeds where you don’t want to wash away tiny seeds, or for creating that humid microclimate that ferns and tropical plants crave.”

Many of our clients have finded an unexpected bonus with micro-misters—natural frost protection. Running these systems during early morning freezes can create a protective barrier around tender buds and blossoms, maintaining temperatures just above freezing when those late spring cold snaps threaten.

For the truly budget-conscious gardener with a DIY spirit, PVC drip systems offer remarkable value and satisfaction. These clever systems use standard PVC pipe with small (typically 1/16″) holes drilled at regular intervals. The pipe is positioned with holes facing downward, delivering water directly where plants need it most.

One enthusiastic client from Andover couldn’t contain his excitement: “I felt like a kid with an erector set! I spent about $75 on materials, spent a Saturday afternoon drilling holes every 6 inches, and now my entire vegetable garden practically waters itself. My wife says it’s the first time my ‘tinkering’ actually saved us money!”

The beauty of PVC systems lies in their adjustability—by varying hole size and water pressure, flow rates can be fine-tuned from a mere drip to 10 gallons per hour per hole. Even better, since PVC fittings can be assembled without glue (using slip connections), you can reconfigure your system as garden needs change or plants grow.

Curious to see how it works? Here’s our how-to video that walks you through the entire process.

Best For

These innovative watering solutions shine brightest in specific garden situations:

Orchards and fruit trees benefit tremendously from micro-misters, which provide gentle, widespread coverage for establishing root systems without wasting water between widely spaced trees.

Seedbeds and propagation areas thrive under the gentle touch of micro-mist, which won’t displace tiny seeds or damage delicate seedlings the way heavier water drops might.

Large individual plants with substantial water needs, like massive squash or pumpkin plants, get precisely what they need from strategically placed PVC drip lines.

Budget DIYers absolutely love PVC systems, which offer maximum customization at minimal cost—perfect for gardeners who enjoy problem-solving and working with their hands.

A Billerica homeowner shared her experience: “I installed a PVC drip system throughout my dahlia collection last spring. The materials cost less than $100, and I’ve been able to adjust and expand it as my collection grows. My blooms have never been more prolific, and I’m using a fraction of the water compared to my old sprinkler setup.”

Key Features

What makes these systems special? Several unique features set them apart:

¾” PVC for longer runs provides adequate water flow for rows extending 25+ feet without losing pressure at the far end—essential for larger gardens.

Un-glued slip fittings allow for seasonal reconfiguration without buying new materials. Simply twist apart, rearrange, and reassemble as your garden evolves.

Ball valves for zone control enable customized watering for different plant needs—give your thirsty tomatoes more while reducing flow to drought-tolerant herbs.

Smart controller compatibility means many DIY systems can be automated with electronic timers, giving you vacation freedom without sacrificing plant health.

Simple tools required—just basic drills and saws are all that’s needed for construction, making this accessible to even novice DIYers.

For micro-misting systems, we typically recommend installing them on risers to achieve optimal coverage. This elevation helps prevent blockage by growing foliage and ensures even distribution of the fine mist throughout the season.

Average Cost & ROI

DIY PVC and micro-misting systems represent the most customizable irrigation options with highly variable costs. Materials typically range from $50 for a small herb garden system to $400 for extensive coverage with automation features.

The tools required are minimal—typically just a drill and saw for PVC systems—making them accessible to most homeowners. Installation time varies based on complexity, but most residential systems can be completed in a weekend of casual work.

Water savings compared to traditional sprinklers typically exceed 50%, with many users reporting reductions of 60-70% in water consumption. This efficiency translates to significant savings, particularly for larger landscapes.

A commercial client in Burlington who manages a community garden couldn’t believe the difference: “After switching from overhead sprinklers to a PVC drip system, our water usage dropped by nearly 65%. The installation cost was minimal, and our vegetable yields have increased substantially due to more consistent soil moisture. It’s been a win-win for our budget and our harvests.”

*Average costs based on national online data; actual pricing varies widely by region and project scope.

Frequently Asked Questions about drip irrigation systems

How much water do drip irrigation systems really save?

Drip irrigation systems deliver impressive water conservation that you’ll notice on both your water bill and in your garden’s health. Most of our clients are genuinely surprised by the difference – these systems typically reduce water consumption by 60% compared to traditional sprinklers.

The efficiency comes down to simple physics. When water drops directly onto soil at the root zone, you’re not losing precious moisture to wind drift or evaporation. Plus, the slow delivery rate (just 2-20 liters per hour) gives soil time to properly absorb moisture rather than creating runoff.

“I was skeptical about the 90% efficiency claims until I installed a drip system myself,” shares one of our Andover clients. “My plants are thriving with less water, and I’ve cut my summer watering time in half.”

This efficiency translates to real-world savings. A commercial property owner in Lowell told us: “Our quarterly water consumption dropped by 58% after converting our landscape beds from sprinklers to drip irrigation. The system paid for itself within 18 months through water savings alone.”

What flow rate emitter should I use for my soil?

Your soil type plays a crucial role in determining the right emitter flow rate for your drip irrigation system. Using emitters matched to your soil conditions makes all the difference between efficient watering and wasted resources.

For New England gardens, we typically recommend:

• Clay soil: 0.5 gallons per hour (gph) emitters – Clay absorbs water slowly but holds it longer, so slower delivery prevents surface pooling
• Loam soil: 1 gph emitters – This “Goldilocks” soil type balances absorption and lateral movement perfectly
• Sandy soil: 2 gph emitters – Sandy soil drains quickly downward, so you need higher volume to achieve sideways spread

Not sure about your soil type? Try this simple test before installing your entire system: run a single emitter for one hour, then dig down to see the moisture pattern. Ideally, you’ll find a bulb-shaped wet area extending both downward and to the sides.

“Many gardens in Tewksbury and surrounding towns have heavy clay content,” notes our soil specialist. “Using slower emitters with longer run times makes a huge difference in preventing water waste and ensuring deep root development.”

How do I winterize my system in New England?

Our New England winters demand proper winterization of your drip irrigation system to prevent freeze damage. After helping hundreds of local homeowners protect their systems, we’ve developed this simple checklist:

First, disconnect and store all electronic components indoors – timers, controllers, and any battery-operated devices should come inside where it’s warm and dry. Next, open all end caps throughout your system to allow complete drainage.

For larger installations, consider using compressed air to blow out the main lines, especially if they’re buried. All filters should be removed, cleaned, and stored in your garage or basement for the winter.

Finally, disconnect everything from your water source, making sure backflow preventers and pressure regulators are completely drained.

“After my first drip system was damaged by freezing, McLeod taught me proper winterization,” a Westford client told us. “I’ve followed their five-step process for three years now, and my system starts up perfectly each spring with no repairs needed.”

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For visual learners, we recommend watching our detailed Winterization video that walks through each step of the process.

Even soaker hoses that claim to be freeze-proof benefit from proper winterization. While the hose material might withstand freezing, connection points and fittings are particularly vulnerable to ice damage. A little prevention in November saves significant headaches (and expenses) in spring.

Conclusion

Drip irrigation systems offer a game-changing approach to garden watering that benefits both your plants and your wallet. By delivering moisture directly to plant roots with pinpoint accuracy, these systems create healthier landscapes while dramatically cutting water waste and reducing your environmental footprint.

The beauty of drip irrigation lies in its versatility. Whether you’re drawn to the simplicity and affordability of soaker hoses, the precision control of inline emitter tubing, the row-crop efficiency of drip tape, or the DIY customization of PVC systems, there’s a perfect solution for your specific garden needs.

“I was honestly amazed at how much healthier my perennial border looked after just one season with drip irrigation,” shared a homeowner from Andover. “The plants are more robust, I have fewer weeds to pull, and my water bill dropped noticeably during summer months.”

Throughout our three decades serving the Merrimack Valley, we’ve witnessed countless gardens transformed through the implementation of thoughtful drip irrigation systems. Plants that once struggled now thrive with consistent moisture. Gardens that required constant attention now largely care for themselves. Water bills that spiked every summer now remain reasonable year-round.

When selecting the right system for your landscape, consider these key factors:

• The layout of your garden spaces (straight rows, curved beds, or container groupings)
• Your soil composition (sandy, loamy, or clay-based)
• The specific water requirements of your plants
• Your comfort level with DIY installation and your budget constraints

For many gardeners, a hybrid approach works best—perhaps soaker hoses for perennial borders, inline emitters for foundation plantings, and drip tape for the vegetable garden. The systems can be mixed and matched to create the perfect customized solution.

Proper installation makes all the difference in system performance. While many homeowners successfully tackle DIY installation, others prefer professional guidance to ensure optimal placement, appropriate components, and maximum efficiency.

The team at McLeod Landscaping brings decades of local experience to every irrigation project. We understand the unique challenges of New England’s climate and soils, and we design systems that perform beautifully through our region’s hot summers and freezing winters.

Irrigation System Services for design & installation by McLeod Landscaping

By investing in a quality drip irrigation system, you’re making a choice that benefits your landscape, your budget, and our shared environment. The precise water delivery not only nurtures beautiful plants but also conserves one of our most precious natural resources. It’s truly a win-win that pays dividends with every growing season.

*Average costs based on national online data; actual pricing varies widely by region and project scope.

Drip irrigation systems are a common way to water plants found in gardens and vegetable patches around Australia. Using a dripping method of delivering water, they are a contender for the best way to water the plants in your garden. But how exactly do drip irrigation systems work? 

Drip irrigation is a low-flow watering method using tubes that run on or underneath the soil. Drip emitters then release the water close to the roots of the plants. The slow application rate and direct delivery of drip irrigation prevent runoff, making it a very water-efficient irrigation method. 

If you’re thinking of installing a drip irrigation system for your garden or property, here’s an article that will give you everything you need to know about drip irrigation. Let’s get started.

What Is Drip Irrigation?

Drip irrigation is the process of water administration to plants in a slow and controlled manner. It uses slow-release emitters that control the amount of water each plant receives according to its needs. Drip irrigation can be used as efficiently in small gardens as it can be in large farms.

In this manner, the use of drip irrigation prevents overwatering of plants. It also helps in water conservation as it uses only the sufficient amount of water the plants need.

In terms of efficiency, drip irrigation is more precise than other irrigation systems because it is directly applied closely to the roots of the plants. Having this direct water source or nutrients is better for the plants than giving water or nutrients to the leaves.

Water is as essential to plants as food is to humans. It acts as a transport system of nutrients and minerals from the soil into the plant. Water is also vital for plants to perform photosynthesis. It also helps them to cool down during hot seasons.

However, when not correctly applied, water can actually damage your plants. Underwatering plants result in insufficient minerals and nutrient distribution, root rot, and wilting. On the other hand, overwatering significantly affects the roots of a plant by decreasing oxygen access. This is why drip irrigation systems are so beneficial for plants.

The water is quickly absorbed into the ground with a drip irrigation system because of the slow release rate. Moreover, it eliminates plant diseases that may occur in the presence of moisture on plant surfaces. Lastly, drip irrigation can adapt to any slope and most soils.

In contrast to commercial drip irrigation, simple self-made systems are cheap and effective.

How Does Drip Irrigation Work?

A drip irrigation system is a low flow watering system that uses drippers to control the flow rate of water delivered to each plant in a garden. Unlike sprinklers that shoot out water rapidly, you can control water flow, allowing plants to absorb the correct amount of water without being overwatered.

Many people think that giving your plants a lot of water during the middle of the day will help them grow nice and strong. However, this isn’t the case. Not only is watering your plants during the day wildly inefficient but overwatering your plants is incredibly easy to do and very bad for your plants.

That’s where a drip irrigation system comes in. Using a drip irrigation system, your plants won’t be drowned with water. Instead, they will have a low flowing stream of water delivered directly to their roots slowly over a longer period. The system uses drippers, which you can change to get the exact flow rate required for your specific plants.

A drip line system is perfect for growing plants like fruit and vegetables as they are prone to overwatering, which can cause bad growth and even disease. Because drip irrigation systems apply the water slowly, it gives your plants a chance to absorb the water instead of drowning in it.

Types of Drip Irrigation

There are two types of drip irrigation: subsurface drip irrigation and surface drip irrigation. Surface drip irrigation is an irrigation system installed on or slightly below the top layer of soil. In contrast, subsurface drip irrigation is dug and installed deep underground, closer to the plant’s roots.

Subsurface Drip Irrigation

Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) refers to the drip irrigation system that uses narrow tubes buried at 20-50 cm depth to prevent interference on the soil surface. These tubes may either be porous or not.

Porous tubes continuously emit water into the soil, while non-porous tubes are fitted with emitters to release water only at specific points. SDI is often used in fruit tree plantations and perennial crops.

Surface Drip Irrigation

Surface drip irrigation is the regular drip irrigation found above the soil surface. It uses emitters or drippers that control the water flow rate and quantity.

Emitters and drippers can either be connected with drip line tubing or drip tape. While similar, drip tape is a thinner type of tubing that is a more temporary solution that can be faster and easier to install. Alternatively, drip line pipes are thicker piping solutions that feature tough pipes that will last far longer than drip tape and can handle much higher water pressure passing through the system.

Surface drip irrigation emitters are classified into four types according to the emitters used:

• Point-source emitters (drip bubbler) are plugged into the tubes.
• In-line drip emitters are spliced into the lateral supply tubes.
• Basin bubblers use a round or square basin around the plant where water from the system is concentrated and delivered to that specific plant.
• Micro spray sprinkler rotates to cover larger areas.

What Is the Difference Between Drip Tape and Drip Tubing?

The main difference between drip tape and drip tubing is its thickness and sturdiness. Drip tape is a lot thinner and more flexible, meaning it’s ideal for short term irrigation, but doesn’t have the same strength or longevity as drip tubing.

Drip tape and drip tubing are very similar drip irrigation supplies. They are installed in the same way and only have slight differences. Physically, although they almost do the same thing, drip tape is much thinner and more flexible.

Because of this, drip tape is much less permanent and weaker than drip tubing. Drip tape is usually found in temporary or semi-permanent irrigation systems, like in the garden of a renter, for example, where they don’t want to commit resources to a short term garden. The thickness of drip tape is much thinner as well, making it a poor choice for homes and applications with a heavier flow of water or water with a higher PSI.

Inversely, drip tubing is much more stable and permanent. The thickness and strength of the tubing is much more formidable. It can handle higher PSI flow rates and will last much longer. Drip tubing is installed the same way as drip tape, and drip tubing can even replace drip tape in the same system. However, if you know you are going to be committed to an irrigation system, it’s often best to go straight to drip tubing and cut out the hassle of drip tape. 

Pros & Cons of Drip Irrigation

Like the other types of irrigation, drip irrigation has its fair share of advantages and disadvantages, too. It is important to know its pros and cons to help you decide whether to use drip irrigation in your plants and crops or not, as well as prevent any possible damage or issues.

Pros Of Using Drip Irrigation

The advantages of drip irrigation include:

• Minimises soil erosion – Because a low flow rate of water is coming from a drip irrigation system, there is no water pooling, meaning soil won’t be washed away from pools of water.
• Suitable for most soil types – The low flow rate of the water coming from the drippers is easily absorbed by plants no matter what soil type they are planted in.
• Helps retain nutrients for plants – Because there is no excess of water, water cannot pool and wash away fertiliser applied to your plants before they get a chance to absorb it. Alongside home fertigation, drip irrigation is one of the best ways to irrigate your plants without washing away nutrients.
• Even water distribution – Each emitter supplies a constant amount of water, so the water will be distributed evenly to each plant over several drippers. Each plant requires different amounts of water, and each emitter has a different flow rate, so it’s important to know about the different types of emitters.
• Reduces plant diseases – There is a reduced chance of plants becoming diseased from damp leaves rotting or state water sitting for long periods, attracting bugs.
• Less water wastage and runoff – With no pooling water eroding the soil, it’s much harder for water to runoff. Water is specifically delivered at a rate that your plants can absorb it.
• Requires less maintenance – Drip irrigation systems are equipped with timers, so there is nothing you manually need to do to keep your waters planted. Drip irrigation systems also require little time on maintenance once set up.
• More energy efficient – Because the water is flowing at such a low rate and pressure, your home uses less energy to keep the drip irrigation system going, making it more energy-efficient. 

Cons Of Using Drip Irrigation

The key disadvantages of drip irrigation include:

• Higher initial investment – There are many components required for a proper drip irrigation system, making it a more costly installation. Even though they are incredibly efficient long term, the initial financial investment is often a barrier to entry.
• Vulnerable to faster deterioration in direct sunlight – Although the drip line pipes are thick and resilient, they can deteriorate faster than other types of the irrigation system as the pipes themselves are in direct sunlight all the time.
• Requires a filtration system – Drip irrigation systems need an irrigation filter installed. Without one, they can either clog up or pass pollutants through the irrigation system to your plants. As a result, you need a filtration system, which is an additional thing that needs to be budgeted for.
• Professional installation required to prevent inefficiency – Because there are many manual connections in a drip irrigation system, and each emitter must be hand chosen and installed, it’s important to have it installed professionally. This is especially important because a professional will be able to install a filtration system at the same time.
• Not necessarily beginner-friendly – Because drip line emitters will need to be installed specifically for the type of plants you have, you’ll need to know how much water each plant needs, how much water drip line emitters will provide, and how to ensure you aren’t over or under watering your plants. As a result, it’s not a simple irrigation system for a beginner to set up.

If you are struggling with installing your drip irrigation system, it’s worthwhile having a chat to an irrigation specialist or hiring one to install the system for you. 

When Should I Use Drip Irrigation To Water My Plants?

Drip irrigation is so flexible that it is suitable for most types of gardens, farms, and even commercial compounds. It easily adapts to irregularly shaped and uneven slopes. It is suitable for most types of soil. Drip irrigation is most suitable for row crops (vegetables, soft fruit), trees and vine crops.

Drip irrigation is usually used for rooted plants like fruits and vegetables as the dripline irrigation drippers are installed directly over individual plants. These drippers will efficiently water plants with enough water that won’t runoff, drown plants or get caught by winds. Generally, drip irrigation is used on high-value crops because of the high capital costs of installing a drip system.

Drip irrigation is less ideal for larger areas like lawns and fields and other regions with low-value vegetation due to its low water flow system. Open areas like grassy lawns benefit more from a traditional spray irrigation or sprinkler system. 

Can You Water Grass With Drip Irrigation?

Drip irrigation is not recommended for watering grass and lawn because drip irrigation will not provide the coverage or amount of water that the lawn requires to grow. Pop up sprinklers with wide arcs are ideal for watering lawns, while drip irrigation is better for fruit and vegetables.

Drip irrigation is a slow, deep water system that is common across agriculture. However, it’s not the best way to water your lawn. Because lawns cover a large area, drip irrigation systems won’t work anywhere near as well.

Because grass has much thicker and dense root systems, they are less prone to waterlogging and overwatering compared to planted vegetables. As a result, pop up, and rotor sprinklers are much more efficient. They provide ample amounts of water for a growing lawn, and the placement of the sprinklers will ensure that any water that runs off or is caught by winds is compensated for.

How Much Water Does A Drip Irrigation System Use?

The amount of water used in a drip irrigation system depends on several factors, such as the pressure, type of emitters, size of the land, and the plants you have, among others. On average, the flow rate in drip irrigation is 2L up to 20L for every hour.

You can use the bucket method for flow rate to work out the throughput of your drip irrigation system – essentially, by placing a container under one of the emitters for a specified time. Measure the amount of water collected, and multiply it by the number of emitters in your system.

Drip Irrigation vs Spray Irrigation

Drip irrigation and spray or sprinkler irrigation are the most common and widely used types of irrigation. While drip irrigation is often recommended as more efficient, cost-effective, and eco-friendly, you’ll only get these benefits with the right setup and plants. 

Let’s look at their similarities and differences to know what type of water irrigation suits your needs.

Drip Irrigation vs Sprinklers: Which Is More Efficient?

Drip irrigation systems are far more efficient than spray irrigation. That’s because the slow flow rate of the water delivered from the drip line emitters isn’t able to pool, runoff or get caught by the wind. In addition, a drip irrigation system requires less energy to run. 

Drip irrigation systems use less water at a lower flow rate and enable water to reach the deepest roots of your plants. Because of the way water is slowly supplied to plants, your utility bills will be lower, making drip irrigation an efficient irrigation system that will make its money back over time. 

Drip Irrigation vs Sprinklers: Which Is Better For Plants?

For delicate, high-value plants and crops, it is better to use drip irrigation because it waters gently and precisely close to the roots of the plants, preventing any damage that may occur if too much water and pressure is applied. For a much larger region like lawns and fields.

Drip Irrigation vs Sprinklers: Which Is More Environmentally Friendly?

Drip irrigation is more environmentally friendly because it uses much less water than spray irrigation. Furthermore, drip irrigation can use recycled water, which prevents water wastage and contributes to water conservation.

Drip Irrigation vs Sprinklers: Which Is More Cost-Effective?

If we are to look at the systems and materials alone, sprinkler irrigation is clearly cheaper. However, given that drip irrigation uses less water and can recycle water, it is cheaper to use in the long run compared to spray irrigation, which uses large quantities of water.

How Much Does a New Drip Irrigation System Cost?

The average cost of installing a drip irrigation system at home is between $2,000 and $5,000. This cost covers the installation assessment, all parts, labour and expert installation. However, the cost will vary depending on the size and complexity of your irrigation needs. 

The overall cost of a new drip irrigation system will depend on the brand and type of components you choose. Like any other purchase, you have the choice between top-of-the-line pumps, filters and injection systems or saving money with more budget-friendly components.

This price factors in the difficulty of installing a drip irrigation system, which requires expert knowledge from a trained professional. Like most professional services, what you are paying for is expert experience and knowledge. When installing a drip irrigation system, an irrigation expert needs to know the flow rate of the irrigation system, the compatible emitters and which emitters to choose based on the plants you have.

If your garden has a variety of plants, as most gardens do, this will need to be taken into account as not all plants require the same amount of water. This is why the cost of a new irrigation system, including installation, does require you to spend money upfront. However, if you are serious about growing big, healthy plants, drip irrigation is well worth the investment. 

What Components Do I Need For Drip Irrigation?

A basic drip irrigation system is composed of the following parts:

Water Source – A water source is obviously a key component of your drip irrigation system. This can be a mains water tap or rainwater collection system. The water source and its own water flow rate will affect the size of your irrigation size and the types of emitters you use. 

Pump System – A water pump system is another important part of your drip irrigation setup. They are in charge of ensuring the proper transferral of water through the entire irrigation system. 

Filtration System – An irrigation filtration system is another essential component to your drip irrigation system. Not only will a filtration system help reduce toxins and contaminants in the water, but it will help reduce debris in the system that can cause clogs and builds ups. 

Pressure Controller – Irrigation pressure controllers are used to help regulate drip irrigation water pressure. Without a pressure controller, you risk blowing out your irrigation system with water that has too high of a PSI. This is one of the key applications for pump pressure controllers.

Backflow Prevention – A drip irrigation backflow preventer device is used to ensure that water cannot go back through the drip irrigation system. The main reason why you need a backflow prevention system is to stop contaminated water from making its way through the system, and to keep sensitive filters and membranes clean and safe. 

Hydraulic Valves – Hydraulic control valves and safety valves are installed at different points throughout your drip irrigation system and used to maintain a safe level of pressure within the system. 

Irrigation Piping or Tubing – Drip irrigation systems use pipes or tubes to pass water through the irrigation system. Drip irrigation piping is the most commonly found way of supplying water through your drip irrigation system, due to its strength and sturdiness. However, drip tape is another option for a way to transport water that is more flexible, albeit less resilient to high PSI water flow rates. 

Poly Fittings – Poly fittings are used to create the irrigation system and ensure it’s watertight. Rural poly pipes are a particular subset of high-quality poly fitting that are sturdy and UV resistant, making them perfect for outdoor applications, such as gardens in particularly hot climates. 

Drip Emitters – Drip emitters are the attachments connected to your drip irrigation system that controls the flow rate of water applied to each plant. Different drip emitters have different flow rates, allowing you to customise your irrigation system based on your plants. 

Can I Use A Timer In My Drip Irrigation System?

Yes, timers are one of the best things in drip irrigation. You can be away from your plants and still be assured that they are well-watered. A timer can not only organise watering routines, but modern models have weather detection technology, which will prevent you from accidentally overwatering during rain. 

When it comes to timers, you can install a simple tap timer or a full-on smart irrigation controller. A tap timer will allow you to have the water running for set amounts of time, but that’s about it for most models.

On the other hand, an irrigation controller will do everything a tap timer can do and then some. Some of the best irrigation controllers allow you to customise watering zones, schedule times for your irrigation to go on and have compatible apps that allow you to alter your watering routine from your or tablet, no matter where you are. 

Do I Need a Filter in My Drip Irrigation System?

Yes, filters are necessary for drip irrigation systems because irrigation filters remove toxins and other contaminants present in the water, preventing entry to the plants. Unfiltered water may cause danger to both plants and humans. Filters can also help prevent blockages. 

The best type of irrigation filter for a drip irrigation system is a screen filter. These fine filters will catch debris, help keep the water clean and affordable and are easy to clean, maintain and replace. 

Can I Install Drip Irrigation Myself?

While you can install a drip irrigation system yourself, it’s best to consult with an irrigation specialist because your emitters and piping will need to be compatible with the PSI of your water source, which can be difficult to do if you are inexperienced. 

However, having the system professionally installed ensures that everything will be done properly. A professional irrigation specialist has the right knowledge, tools and equipment to do the job. Also, installation can get complicated in terms of knowing whether your farm or garden area needs pressure reducers and when determining the proper controller. 

FAQs about Drip Irrigation

How Long Should I Run Water With Drip Irrigation?

You should aim to run your drip irrigation system for ten to thirty minutes on the days that you water them. This will give the system enough time to deliver the water your plants require without over or under watering them. The type of plants and drippers you have will affect how long you need to run the system.

If your drippers have a high flow rate, you’ll need to run them for a shorter time than those with a much lower flow rate. Drippers with different flow rates are installed depending on the type of plants you have and how quickly they can absorb water. The type of soil your garden has will also impact the water absorption rate and the flow rate of the drippers, and how long the system needs to run to water your plants properly.

Naturally, hotter climates will need to run water for a longer period to give your plants more of a chance to absorb water, even if you are watering your plants early in the morning. This is because the ground will stay hotter for longer, which the additional water helps compensate for.

Of course, the species of plants you are watering will also dictate the time required to water your plants. Species that are more thirsty and require more water will require the system to be run for a longer period to ensure they are sufficiently watered.

How Often Should I Water My Plants With Drip Irrigation?

To properly water your plants, they should be irrigated with a drip irrigation system two and three times a week. This frequency will give your plants more than enough water without drowning or starving them.

It’s important to remember that you need to increase your watering during summer and decrease it during winter. While watering them every two to three days is ideal for spring and autumn, it’s far hotter during the summer and will require watering every one to two days.

Alternatively, it’s far colder and rainier during the winter months, so it’s best to scale back the watering to just once a week during those months. This will prevent your plants from being overwatered and having mould and diseases from where unabsorbed water has been left to sit. 

Some irrigation controllers have in-built seasonal adjustment technology, which will compensate for weather and seasonal changes, but you may need to adjust your sprinklers for different seasons manually.

What Time of Day Is Best for Drip Irrigation?

The best time of the day to water your plants with drip irrigation is just before sunrise or just before sunset. Watering before it gets too hot during the day ensures that your plants have a chance to absorb the water before it is evaporated by the sun. 

For drip irrigation, the best time to water your plants is between 5 am and 7 am. Although watering your plants at night is better than in the middle of the day, watering your plants too late at night can promote diseases in your plants. Before the sun comes up is the perfect time to water your plants, ensuring they will get the water they need before a long day of being in the sun. 

Although it may make sense to water your plants during the day when it’s the hottest, it’s not advisable. While on paper, you may be giving them the water they need when they need it the most, you’re starving your plants of water and nutrients. During the day’s peak, the sun will evaporate any water much faster. As a result, your plants will be dehydrated as they will not receive the water you think they are getting. 

How Long Do Drip Irrigation Systems Last?

A subsurface drip irrigation can last from 12 to 15 years when properly maintained, while a surface drip irrigation system may have a shorter lifespan due to sun exposure. A common issue with surface drip irrigation systems is the irrigation dripline cracking, meaning it may not last as long as other components. 

What Crops Use Drip Irrigation?

Almost all crops can benefit from drip irrigation, as it’s the best watering method for individual plants. From vegetables like tomatoes and onions to tea and coffee plants, any crop that is harvested benefits from a drip irrigation system.

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